Types of Cleanrooms: Modular, Softwall, Hardwall and Rigidwall
Modular cleanrooms, softwall cleanrooms, hardwall cleanrooms, and rigidwall cleanrooms are different types of controlled environments designed for specific applications. Each type has its own advantages and is chosen based on factors like the level of cleanliness required, the nature of the work, and the physical constraints of the facility.
Modular Cleanroom
A modular cleanroom is a flexible, prefabricated cleanroom structure that can be assembled on-site. It is popular because it allows for customization, expansion, and reconfiguration based on operational needs.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Use Cases
Installation
Maintenance
Advantages
- Easy to assemble and disassemble
- Can be expanded or reconfigured as needed
- Quick installation
- Lower initial cost compared to rigidwall and hardwall cleanrooms
Disadvantages
- Less durable than rigidwall and hardwall cleanrooms
- May not provide the same level of rigidity and insulation as hardwall cleanrooms
- May require more frequent maintenance depending on the material
Use Cases
Suitable for laboratories, manufacturing areas, and production environments that need flexibility. Ideal for industries like pharmaceuticals, electronics, and biotech where space requirements or configurations may change.
Installation
Modular cleanrooms are prefabricated in sections, which makes them quick to assemble on-site. Installation typically involves connecting panels and framing, integrating ceiling systems, and installing flooring.
Maintenance
Maintenance involves regular cleaning of panels and floors, filter replacements, and checking for any damage or wear on the modular components. Since these cleanrooms are more adaptable, repairs or replacements are relatively straightforward.
Softwall Cleanroom
A softwall cleanroom is a type of modular cleanroom that uses flexible curtains (typically made from vinyl or PVC) to enclose the cleanroom space. These are highly adaptable and relatively affordable.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Use Cases
Installation
Maintenance
Advantages
- Most cost-effective option
- Flexible and lightweight
- Easy to install, expand, or modify
- Quick installation
- Transparent walls allow easy monitoring of operations
Disadvantages
- Least durable compared to the other cleanrooms
- Curtains can wear out over time
- Not suitable for environments with strict contamination control requirements
- Less insulation from temperature and humidity fluctuations
Use Cases
Ideal for applications where cost and flexibility are key. Suitable for clean environments where high contamination control is not as critical. Common in areas like assembly lines, packaging, and small-scale production.
Installation
Installation involves setting up the frame, hanging the curtains, and configuring the ceiling system. It’s relatively quick and can often be done without specialized tools.
Maintenance
Regular cleaning of curtains and flooring is essential to prevent contamination. Curtains can be replaced or cleaned as needed. This type of cleanroom generally requires less maintenance than rigid structures but might need frequent curtain replacements depending on use.
Hardwall Cleanroom
A hardwall cleanroom features solid panels instead of flexible curtains, offering more durability and better environmental control. The walls are typically made from rigid materials like aluminium, stainless steel, or laminated panels.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Use Cases
Installation
Maintenance
Advantages
- Higher structural integrity
- Better control over environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and pressure
- Suitable for higher cleanliness classes
- More durable and long-lasting
Disadvantages
- More expensive compared to the other cleanrooms
- Heavier and harder to relocate or reconfigure
- Requires the most time for installation out of the other cleanrooms
Use Cases
Suitable for environments requiring stringent cleanliness standards, such as semiconductor manufacturing, aerospace, and pharmaceuticals. Ideal for facilities where contamination control is critical and environmental conditions need to be tightly regulated.
Installation
Installation is more complex compared to modular and softwall cleanrooms. It requires precise fitting of panels and integration with the air handling system. Often requires professional installation.
Maintenance
Maintenance includes regular cleaning of walls and floors, filter replacements, and periodic checks of the environmental control systems. Hardwall cleanrooms are generally low-maintenance due to their robust construction.
Rigidwall Cleanroom
A rigidwall cleanroom offers a middle ground between modular and hardwall cleanrooms. It combines elements of both designs, providing enhanced durability and better environmental control compared to modular systems while being more flexible than hardwall options.
Advantages
Disadvantages
Use Cases
Installation
Maintenance
Advantages
- More robust and durable than modular cleanrooms
- Better control over temperature and humidity compared to softwall cleanrooms
- Easier to assemble and reconfigure than hardwall cleanrooms
- Costs more than modular cleanrooms but less than hardwall cleanrooms
Disadvantages
- Less durable than hardwall cleanrooms
- May not provide the same level of structural integrity and environmental control as hardwall cleanrooms.
- Longer installation compared to modular cleanrooms
Use Cases
Suitable for environments that need a balance between flexibility and durability. Ideal for industries such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and food processing where moderate cleanliness and structural integrity are required. This type of cleanroom is effective for facilities that may need to reconfigure their space but still require a robust cleanroom environment.
Installation
Installation involves assembling the panels and framing, setting up the ceiling system, and installing flooring. It’s more complex than modular cleanrooms but less so than hardwall cleanrooms. Rigidwall cleanrooms are somewhat adaptable but not as flexible as modular systems.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance includes cleaning the panels and flooring, replacing filters, and checking for any damage. While rigidwall cleanrooms are more durable and require less frequent maintenance than modular cleanrooms, they still need periodic upkeep to ensure proper function.
Choosing the right cleanroom depends on your industry, cleanliness needs, and budget constraints. If flexibility and cost are priorities, softwall or modular cleanrooms work well. For stricter environmental conditions and long-term use, rigid and hardwall cleanrooms are better.
